![]() The majority of oocyte banks provide financial compensation that raises substantial ethical concerns on the quality of informed consent ( 8) with the exploitation of oocyte donors ( 9, 10, 11). ![]() The oocyte donation process is considered to be a slippery slope because it does not benefit the donor directly ( 4, 5, 6, 7). Furthermore, donors may undergo multiple COH cycles, especially in countries where there are no regulations. These studies have suggested that there is an increased risk of early menopause and ovarian cancers ( 3). The short- and long-term medical risks of COH have been investigated with a limited number of studies. However, there is always a worry that higher doses of drugs may be used to obtain more oocytes from the donors because the number of patients seeking donor oocytes is always higher than the number of donors. These protocols have been long revised and although more studies are being performed to enhance them, they are very standardised. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) protocols have to be applied to all patients undergoing ART treatments. Reproductive cells, especially oocyte cells, are supplied by a limited number of donors, similar to other organ and tissue donations. Least commonly, oocyte donations can be offered to same-sex male couples in adjunct to surrogacy. Oocyte donation can also be offered to woman with a heritable genetic disease to prevent the transmission of the disorder to the next generation, though preimplantation genetic diagnosis is usually preferred with no history of infertility. The main drive of oocyte donations is the inability of females to get pregnant using their own gametes due to poor oocyte quality after several failed in vitro fertilization (IVF) attempts or low/absent ovarian reserve because of advanced maternal age or premature ovarian failure. Thousands of oocyte donations have been applied throughout the world resulting in thousands of births ( 2). ![]() The first oocyte donation was performed in 1983 in Austria and since then it has become a part of routine assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments ( 1). ![]() With the improvements in oocyte cryopreservation techniques, a new era of health tourism has been initiated. Third-party reproduction has become one of the widely used fertility treatments that involve use of gametes or embryos. ![]()
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